Snooker Essay Example for Free

Snooker Essay Snooker is a kind of billiard sport which is very popular in the UK. It is difficult and challenging to play it. It has a history over two hundred years (http://embassysnooker.net) and it is well developed and popular today. The rise of snooker can be traced back to AD 1875, when it was first invented in India. A British officer Neville Bowes, Chamberlain (Neville Bowes Chamberlain) and his help his comrades, who brought the idea to the UK. Before snooker, billiards already existed, and a variety of people played. Among them, there is something called the â€Å"black ball into the bag (Black Pool) play, Neville Bowes. Chamberlain which was very popular in the army. These games are played with 15 red balls, one black ball and a white ball . Neville Bowes Chamberlain and his comrades â€Å"black ball into the bag,† the game is too easy, make them feel boring, we decided to add the yellow, pink, green three ball up. Then, they make coupled with a blue ball and brown ball. Since then, 22 ball snooker has been popular around the world The ancient Greeks in 776 BC, the introduced the Games (for peace) which was held in Olympia every four years. Games held during the Greek athletes and near the common people gathered in the beautiful town of Olympia in southern Greece scenery. In the first Olympic Games held there in 776 BC, the Dorians Klose 192.27 meters sprint game champions, the International Olympic Committee was awarded a title of a project. Later, the Games of ancient Greece are gradually expanded the scale and change to a display of national spirit of the event.

PaceMaker Essay -- medical health heart disease

The PaceMaker I. Introduction Heart disease is among the leading causes of deaths each year. However, many people with heart problems are increasing their longevity with pacemakers. A pacemaker’s main purpose is to keep the heart from beating too slowly thereby preventing the problems associated with slow heart rhythms (passing out, congestive heart failure, and death). Pacemakers are necessary because, while there are many medications that prevent the heart from going too fast, there are only a handful that make the heart beat faster. Medications that speed the heart rate are poorly tolerated and often associated with serious side effects. Pacemakers have become a reliable means of helping people live longer and improve their lifestyles despite having a slow heart rhythm. The body’s â€Å"natural† pacemaker is a small mass of specialized cells in the top of the right atrium, or chamber, of the heart. It produces the electrical impulses that cause a heart to beat. A chamber of the heart contracts when an electrical impulse or signal moves across it. For a heart to beat properly, the signal must travel down a specific path to reach the ventricles. Natural pacemakers may be defective, causing the heart to beat too fast, too slowly, or irregularly. There may also be a blockage of the heart’s electrical pathways. A pacemaker is a solution to these problems. II. Technical Description Patients require pacemakers for many different reasons. Most pacemakers are implanted to prevent the heart from beating too slowly0. Often, this slowness occurs because there is no cell in the heart that will beat fast enough to maintain proper function, or because there is a â€Å"block† somewhere in the electrical pathway which does not allow the electrical activity to spread to all of the necessary portions of the heart muscle. The underlying cause of this mishap may be scar tissue, most frequently from previous heart attacks. Sometimes it is simply caused by â€Å"aging† of the conduction system. Pacemakers come in different shapes and sizes. All of them are small and lightweight. Depending on the patient’s heart condition, the physician will prescribe the number of chambers to be paced and a specific kind of pacing. A single-chamber pacemaker paces either the right atrium or the right ventricle with one lead. Single lead pacemakers are used pri... ...ach manufacturer programs this function in a different but characteristic way. A certain â€Å"magnet rate† indicates the need for elective or immediate replacement for each model. Although pacemakers are useful life-extending devices, they are not foolproof. Many precautions must be taken for patients with pacemakers, including: battery maintenance, avoiding microwaves, arc welding (which can create a high-energy field that can reprogram pacemakers), power-generating equipment, powerful magnets, and cellular phones. References Cunningham, David et. al. National Pacemaker Database. Grant from Medical Devices Agency and The Department of Health. United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, 1996 – 1997. â€Å"Pacemaker.† Americanheart. Internet Explorer. Telnet. 17 Feb. 2008. â€Å"Pacemaker Patients: Use the cell phone, but with caution.† Mayohealth. 22 May 1997. Internet Explorer. Telnet. 17 Feb. 2008. â€Å"Pacemakers.† HeartPoint. Internet Explorer. Telnet. 17 Feb. 2008. Sgarbossa, Elena B, M.D. â€Å"Recognition of Pacemaker Failure.† ASCA. Internet Explorer. Telnet. 17 Feb. 2008. â€Å"Vigor.† Guidant. Internet Explorer. Telnet. 17 Feb. 2008.

Psychotic, childhood, and cognitive disorders Essay

Many disorders are said to form in the stages of childhood or are in some way are bound to an individual by genetics. Some may just gradually appear or grow more intense over a period of time. No matter the disorder, it can make a person’s life a challenging one. The disorders that will be discussed below are psychotic disorders, childhood disorders, and cognitive disorders and how they affect an individual’s life. Psychotic disorders Psychosis is a symptom that causes an individual to be out of touch with reality. An individual may experience hallucinations and delusions. Schizophrenia is a disorder that fits into this category. The characteristics of schizophrenia are hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought or speech, bizarre behavior, decrease in speech, emotional flattening, lack of motivation, and lack of pleasure. It has five subtypes known as paranoid schizophrenia, disorganized schizophrenia, catatonic schizophrenia, residual schizophrenia, and undifferentiated schizophrenia. The biological components look at the distal and proximal causes. According to Hansell & Damour (2008), The proximal causes of the symptoms involve various abnormalities in brain function, brain structure, and neuropsychological/neurophysiological status that may cause schizophrenic symptoms (though it is also possible that some of them are effects, not causes, of schizophrenia). The distal causes are what help to answer the questions to what the causes of schizophrenia may be. The cognitive components focus on the deficits in reasoning and the role that attention has. Interventions address those deficits to help treat schizophrenia. The sociocultural perspective focuses on institutional and large social forces that may have been the cause of the disorder. The family systems perspective suggests that the family has much do with causing schizophrenia. The hypothesis that family environments are pathological, give theorists something to focus on in family therapy. Freud believed that schizophrenia was biologically based. His idea was that psychotherapy would not help schizophrenia since he believed the individual was trying to connect with the outside world. Frieda Fromm-Reichmann used psychotherapy to successfully treat a patient. She believed schizophrenia was caused by an overbearing mother who was too demanding and cold shouldered. Childhood disorders There are many disorders in this category. The complete list includes: mental retardation, learning disorders, motor skills disorder, communication disorders, persuasive developmental disorders, ADD behavior disorder (Attention deficit and disruptive), eating and feeding disorders of infancy and early childhood, tic disorders, elimination disorders, and the category of other disorders. There are five prominent disorders that are considered by the DSM-IV-TR as childhood disorders: Mental retardation, separation anxiety disorder, ADD disorders, persuasive developmental disorders, and learning disorders. Mental retardation is a disorder present at birth. It impairs adaptive behavior and intellectual functioning. This includes Down syndrome, fragile x syndrome, tay-sachs disease, phenylketonuria, fetal alchohol syndrome, and shaken baby syndrome. Separation anxiety disorder happens when excessive anxiety appears as a result of separation from home or parents/guardians. ADD, also known as attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorder, includes three different types of diagnosis’s: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD). ADHD includes characteristics of impulsivity, hyperactivity, inattention. ODD includes characteristics of hostility, negativity, and defiant behavior along with the combination of other symptoms that include: temper loss, argumentative, defies rules and does not comply, deliberately annoying, blames others for misbehavior and mistakes, reactive or touchy, resentful, angry, vindictive, and spiteful. CD has characteristics of property destruction, theft, deceitfulness, aggression toward animals and people, and serious violation of any rules. A persuasive developmental disorder is characterized by persistent and profound impairment of functioning. Normal communication and social skills are not developed. Autism is the most common disorder diagnosed in this category as well as aspergers disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and rett’s disorder. Autism consists of impaired communication, social interaction, and repetitive patterns of activities, interests, and behaviors. Asberger’s disorder consists of superior and cognitive language skills. They share some of the same aspects of autism yet focus more on specific objects or things. Children with childhood disintegrative disorder develop normally until the age of two. Then they suddenly lose motor skills, language ability, and social skills and start to develop many of the characteristics of autism. Rett’s disorder occurs after two years of age as well and shares many autism characteristics. This disorder only develops in girls. Characteristics include slow head growth, loss of physical coordination, motor skills, and social skills. Learning disorders impair all of the areas of cognitive functioning as well as trouble with certain academic skills. This category includes disorders such as dysgraphia, dyscalculia, and dyslexia. All of these disorders cause problems within a learning environment and interferes with daily living activities. Cognitive Disorders A cognitive disorder is characterized by a change in functioning caused by disturbance in thinking. There are three main disorders in this category: amnesia, dementia, and delirium. Dementia and delirium typically occur in elderly adults. The characteristics of delirium include difficulty focusing, attention shifting, language problems, disorientation, and memory loss that appear within a couple of hours and may last for days. The characteristics of dementia are memory impairment and cognitive deficits along with at least one of the following: apraxia, aphasia, executive functioning disturbances, or agnosia. It is permanent and gradually declines cognitive functioning. Individuals with amnesia have trouble developing memory and the inability to recall memories. It can either be chronic or transient, depending on the type of amnesia. Organic amnesia is a result of a viral infection, substance abuse, or physical trauma caused to the brain. Other types of amnesia may involve brain damage that is lasting or pervasive. Conclusion Developing a disorder can be difficult. Obtaining the right treatment and help can be beneficial the individuals life. Psychotic disorders are on a different level than the rest of the disorders described above. They require medication and possibly hospitalization since there is yet to be a cure. Childhood disorders can be managed with the correct medication and family therapy sessions. Cognitive disorders may require medication, depending on the severity as well as deep brain stimulation, surgery, or therapy to help with memory. Currently there is no cure for dementia or Alzheimer’s disease, only a help of prolonging the effects.

Policing in Kelsey Budget Report Essay - 1580 Words

Policing in Kelsey: Budget Report Jacoby Whitacre AJS/522 Finance and Budgeting in Justice and Security April 15, 2013 Michael Scott Policing in Kelsey: Budget Report With the City of Kelsey having an increase of criminal activity it is the responsibility of the city to ensure that its citizens are safe. It should be the top priority of every person on this board to ensure there is additional funding found so that additional police officers can be hired and trained. Police officers from lower crime areas can be moved to the higher crime areas but the police department must ensure there is not an increase of crime in those areas with fewer police officers. How the changes affect the fiscal cycle of your budgeting The federal†¦show more content†¦By adding the auditing process to line-item budgeting, government management focuses on expenditures, thus creating a type of accountability that confronts corruption, helps discourage public employees deviating from strict instructions, and enhances tighter control over the employees’ behavior. For these reasons, most governments utilize some form of line-item budgeting at some level within their organization† (Smith amp; Lynch, 2004). Differences of the chosen budgeting approach from those not used The line item budget gives a detail example of what is spent where. This gives the greatest insight on where money can be saved and in what areas can have the greatest effect with additional funding. When cities are having trouble finding funding for departments that are as important as the police department these budgets will also help find money from other departments that can be used for the police department. A plan to address the crime issue More police officers need to be hired with the growing population. This is a must with the increase of crime. To address the increase criminal activity there needs to be more police officers in those areas. Police officers retire and others leave the job. These vacant positions must be filed and the police ratio to citizens need to mach. â€Å"Currently on average the ratio of police to population in the US comes to about 2.3 officers per thousandShow MoreRelatedPolicing Of Kelsey : Budget Report1526 Words   |  7 PagesPolicing in Kelsey: Budget Report The population of Kelsey has enlarged foremost to an amplified obligation of police officials by the civil civilization due to progress of criminals because of the rise in population. Due to pecuniary alterations, the town of Kelsey shall be receiving limited assets leading to financial inadequacy. Thus, to poise this debt, the town’s Chief of Police Association is pushing the city to a 15% social security charge for a provisional 3-year time nonetheless the townRead MoreCity of Kelsey Budgeting Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesTiera Bristol November 19, 2012 Policing in Kelsey: Budget Report Professor Charles McClelland Abstract Working as the budget director for the mayor of the city of Kelsey, we have recently been getting numerous complaints from the citizens about an increase in crime and also an issue of the public demanding for more police officers. With the population of the city growing daily, the increase of crime is continuing to progress as well. The mayor has informed us that this past year is