English- Questions & Letter Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English- Questions & Letter Writing - Essay Example Pathos refers to an appeal to emotions as a means of persuasion. Finally, logos refers to an appeal to reasoning as a means of convincing another person. One real world example where these three components occur concomitantly is in Presidential speeches. At the recent Republican Convention Mitt Romney incorporated these elements in his speech to the convention. In this way, Romney uses ethos frequently by referring to his strong ethical responsibility as a life-long Mormon and God devoted individual. Additionally, he refers to having saved the Salt Lake City Olympics as a means of establishing ethical responsibility and devotion to America. Romney implemented pathos in a variety of ways. Perhaps the most prominent way pathos is implemented is by referring to notions of American Exceptionalism. Romney plays on Americans’ belief that their country is the greatest in the world and indicates that if re-elected he will be the one to restore it to this prominence. Additionally, Romn ey indicates that by voting for Barack Obama America will continue to regress into mediocrity. Another ethos element Romney implemented was the importance of having jobs to ensure that Americans are able to live full and healthy lives; in in these regards he plays on emotional fear that unless he is elected America will remain in recession and jobs will not be plentiful. The final element implemented by Mitt Romney is logos. Romney used logos in his speech in a variety of ways. Perhaps the most prominent way logos was implemented was through his reasoning that as a successful businessman he would be able to turn the American economy around. The reasoning in this notion is that he would run America like a business. Another way he implemented logos was through arguing that American must stop running up the debt and spending. The reasoning here is that it is not safe for a country in financial troubles to continue to incur debt. 3. Induction and deduction are different elements. Induct ion refers to reasoning that collects information from specific examples and uses this information to reach a conclusion. This process is also referred to as inductive reasoning. Induction is contrasted with deduction, however, in that deduction generalizes from premises. In this way induction reaches its conclusion from actual examples, whereas deduction generalizes from premises. 4. Dear Professor Takai, I read your article and found it interesting. Specifically, the article discusses the stereotype of Asians as the model minority. The article argued that since society has positioned Asians as the model minority, individuals have considered that African Americans should also have achieved a level of success. Instead, your article considers that Asians Americans have not achieved the high levels of success that they have been purported to have gained. In establishing these points you note a number of statistical information. Your first major argument is that the statistical informa tion that exists about incomes is misleading because Asian Americans live in areas where the cost of living and income levels are higher. You then argue that while many Asian Americans make higher wages, it is because they work longer hours and gain higher levels of education. Another point you make is that the notion of there being a ‘model minority’ homogenizes all Asians into one group rather than highlighting their

Cults, Hate Groups and Gangs Essay Example for Free

Cults, Hate Groups and Gangs Essay Society is ripening with the essential antagonisms, where in the agreement with the substitute discipline got enclosed by a classification thought. Inconsistency cannot be recognized efficiently to each consideration or actuality. Nevertheless it is simply historical propositional claims. The content is the way in which simultaneously challenge is suggested with how things could be better, but leaves things practically unchanged. It is also reveals the goal of thought is not to continue the blind domination of nature and humans but to point toward understanding. Cults as an exponent of ethnic identity is thus generally either a remnant of a largely political community which once existed but was destroyed by disunion and colonization. For instance in Myers text in A General History for Colleges and High Schools the case of the â€Å"Delphian Apollo† a product of kulturgemeinschaft brought about by other than purely ethnic conditions, but which in turn gives rise to the belief in blood relationship. All history shows how easily political action can give rise to the belief in blood relationship, unless gross differences of anthropological type impede it. Studies claimed the popular as their domain of educating the trends and cultural formations about which it had very little forehand knowledge such as grunge, raves and dead culture in particular. What they did not have and were uncomfortable about was the high enriching center that would facilitate them to see the dialectic between the popular and the academic. † Society envelops with different levels of analysis that can be well-known as cultural province . The specialty of popular culture production array from micro to macro and they take in differences in the group, indoctrination, and distribution of popular culture. † (Jarvie, 2003) Recruiting members: Society of these groups recruits their members by thinking that conveys precise personality and cultural beliefs and standards. Friends recruits friends, family members each other and neighbors recruits neighbors. In Understanding Early Civilization written by Bruce Trigger says contrary to public in belief and the assertion of many proponents of the brainwashing theory of cult conversion, the figures available support neither the proposition that everyone is equally susceptible to recruitment, nor that most converts are recruited through individual contacts in public places. In The Revolution in Anthropology written by Jarvie this groups interview their aspirants, and conducted by clinicians among cult members, former members and relatives of members, a new member have described their experience of depression, inadequacy, sadness, loneliness and rejection just before joining. The cult as a whole is an extension of the leader’s personality and teachings. The leader’s magnificence as well as his or her association with divinity provides an essential feeling of special ness and importance to cult members. It is consider as one of the significant point in information to recruitment. These groups are suitable in sociological category; it cannot be identified and subjected to empirical study, for it does not exist in objective reality. The people, the popular forces are a shifting set of loyalty that cross all social categories, various individuals belong to different popular formations at different times, often moving between them quite fluidly. â€Å"Native meanings and pleasure can be made only within and against white domination without textual reproduction of the power that is being struggled against, there can be no relevance. † (Freidheim, 1976) Sociological understanding makes is a social process, all meanings of self of social relations all the discourses and texts that play such important cultural roles can circulate only in relationship to the social system in out case that of white patriarchal capitalism. It is the constant process of producing meanings necessarily produces a social identity for the people involved, as well as a constant succession of social practices. Society must then, contain both the forces of domination and the opportunities to speak against them, the opportunities to oppose or evade them from subordinated, but not totally disempowered, positions. This culture is made by the people at the interface between the products of the culture industries and everyday life. These groups are made by the people, not imposed upon them; it stems form within from below not form above. They love the art of making do with what the system provides. Well-liked culture also is eminent by its commonness. It constitute in actual fact all of the movement which people spend on enjoying themselves and providing comfort for themselves The fact that the system provides only commodities, whether cultural or material does not mean that the process of consuming those commodities can be adequately described as one those commodities the people into a homogenized mass at the mercy of the barons of the industry. This is made by various formations of subordinated or disempowered people out of the resources, both discursive and material that are provided by the social system that dis-empowers them. It is therefore contradictory to its core. These cultures rely on method and replication. People require to be reminded of what they consider and popular culture does this my do again definite attitude and principles and organizing them into genres. It is mass media, entertainment and diversions. It is heroes, icons, rituals, psychology and religion. It is a way of life, the voice of a people. How do they function: Every hate groups in society feeds on the energy of condemnation. In that regard, they are not much different from the rest of us. It’s just a matter of degree, it does not matter whether the condemnation is generated by the group or directed at the group. Either way, the organization is sustained by the energy of condemnation. The hate groups by actively trying to eradicate them or reform them, or passively assume there is no truth in them. Any sort of condemnation guarantees their continued existence. The function of the hate groups in society is complete when two thins happen. A culture that is made from within and below not imposed from without or above mass cultural theorists would have it. They are always a culture of conflict; it always involves the struggle to make social meanings that are in the interests of the subordinate and that are not those preferred by the dominant ideology, made in relationship to structures of dominance. This relationship can take two main forms that of resistance or evasion. They have six major fundamental values that summarize its sole place in humankind. The primary is likeness and exploitation. Hate groups reflect the legends, viewpoint, and principles of people, but at the equal moment control those same beliefs. In recent years, however, many people have argued that we are seeing the emergence of a universal worldwide culture. They may have various things in mind. â€Å"First, global culture can refer to a set of economic, social and political ideas, assumptions, and values now widely held among elites throughout the world. † (Bromley, 2002) Almost all these people hold university degrees in the physical sciences, social sciences, business, or law; work with words and/or numbers; speak reasonably fluent English; are employed by governments, corporations, and academic institutions with extensive international involvements; and travel frequently outside their own country. How do they succeed: They generally share beliefs in individualism, market economies, and political democracy, which are also common among people in these groups. Hence is tremendously important. Worldwide, however, only a small portion of the world’s population shares in this culture. It is far from a universal culture, and the leaders who share in it do not necessarily have a secure grip on power in their own societies. As such, these proponents view contemporary society as lax and degenerate, and they argue that high culture is not incompatible with many of the newer ideas which most likely to succeed in forming a cult around his vision if the society contains many other persons suffering from problems similar to those originally faced by the cult founder to whose solution therefore they are likely to respond. Often, conservatives who adhere to these beliefs advocate the reintroduction of cultural depth to modern educational systems. It is nonetheless one immensely significant consequence of the globalization of economic activity that has occurred in recent decades. The culture of the hate gangs is currently undergoing one of the greatest crises in its modern history. The old severe order, so extensive during much of the region, is administration out of condensation and out of time. The ruler and ruled has never been superior, while annoyance and anger among the broad population at accessible situation—economic, social, political, and worldwide—is at new heights. â€Å"Gangs’ societies and cultures, languages and peoples by scholars, these society is now occupied in a argument of the allegation of what income in supporting terms;† (Andersen, 2006) both sides are stressed with how to stay away from any sense of predictability about a clash of civilizations and how to allocate blame for the state of severe anxiety between the two sides that affect all levels of the population. Contemporary popular culture as just the aggregate product of industrial developments; instead, it contemporary culture results from a continuing interaction between those industries and those who consume their products Against the conditions of these dramatic events there lies a less dramatic, but perhaps more significant, experience that may have greater impact over the longer run than even intimidation and war. The emergence of a huge and increasing people of hate groups in the region whose presence will likely shake present administration from within more overwhelmingly than even the forces of global policy, this demographic factor, sometimes designated as a demographic â€Å"youth bulge,† refers to the unusually large percentage of hate groups among the overall population. Discrimination was not even yet being exploited for the political ends, but they were important since they corresponded to characteristics cultures. These sociological groups are constructed as a wasteland which executives of the culture industry internationally create programs that will control and manipulate the masses into doing things that will not be beneficial to their lives. Deep inside our characters are the inscriptions missing by the creative and the individuals whose intuitions or ideas leave others changed. The influenced in the commentaries that focus on alternative approach on popular culture that is more accepting, in which does not mean less critical. The ideologies of these groups are then full of gaps, contradiction and inadequacies. They must offer popular meanings and pleasures are constructed out of the relevance between the text and everyday life; popular pleasures derive from the production of these meanings by the people. They belong to the realm of international culture as not worthy to be trained. Society has its central to the high cultural readings as well but it works differently; the high cultural intertextual relations organized around the scholars are more limiting than ones organized around its policies. These features are in the order we want to cover them, the masses gravitate to forms of sample of popular sociological groups since even if they were exposed in reality they could not comprehend it. Trying to be accepted cultures as intellectuals and only pander to the poor taste of the masses, the masses do not have the intellectual capacities to discern between realities and the created worlds of uniqueness of everyone. Reference: Jarvie, I. C. (2003). The Revolution in Anthropology: International Library of Sociology E: The Sociology of Development. Routledge. London UK. p. 86 Freidheim, E. A. (1976). Sociological Theory in Research Practice. Transaction Publishers. Edison, NJ. p. 20 Bromley, D. G. and Melton, J. G. (2002). Cults, Religion and Violence. Cambridge University Press. Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge. p. 53 Andersen, M. L. and Taylor, H. F. (2006). Sociology: Understanding a Diverse Society. Thomson Wadsworth. Belmont, CA. p. 342 Myers, P. V. N. (2004). A General History for Colleges and High Schools. Kessinger Publishing. Whitefish, MT. p. 35 Trigger, B. G. (2003). Understanding Early Civilizations: A Comparative Study. Cambridge University Press. Shaftsbury Road, Cambridge. p. 472

A Man For All Seasons Essay -- English Literature

A Man For All Seasons In A Man For All Seasons Robert Bolt uses a lot of symbolism to tell the story. The main character Sir Thomas More wears plain Grey clothes which are simple, not fashionable/stylish. This symbolizes that he is not ostentatious, only cares about God and not peoples opinions and not boastful. Cardinal Wolsey wears bright, silky clothes that shows he is very important and rich so he can afford these clothes. Clothes represent your status. When Cardinal Wolsey dies his clothes are heaped on the middle of the floor and the steward just flings them into a basket with no respect at all this symbolizes they have no meaning anymore and are just plain, ordinary clothes. The king’s clothes are gold which shows that this person is the most important. Only the king wears gold clothes and the richest things. The duke is dressed in green to just represent who he is to every citizen around him. For the administrator’s black and pinstripe suits are worn once again to show status. Examples of administrators are Rich and Cromwell. This symbolism of clothes shows a dress code for all different types of people there are E.G poor people will wear dirty rags which might be torn and very worn. Where as rich people like the king, duke, etc will wear silk, gold and silver. The language used in the play is also symbolism as when someone speaks to the king they always say â€Å"your grace† this represents the king is very important and has to be addressed properly. When poor people talk to Cromwell, More, the Duke and the Cardinal they are always addressed as â€Å"Sir† and once again represents the importance of this person. The common man puts on the hat and coat; this shows the alienation effect. The audience has se... ... if Cromwell is letting him know that he is not doing a bad thing. Cromwell knows that he did no wrong and so shall go to heaven. The common man now has an identity as the headsman. When Cromwell takes the mask from his sleeve the whole audience can see him doing it and so again it breaks the realism even at an intense moment. This break in reality might get the audience to think about the morality of what is happening to More and whether they think that he should die or not, this is exactly what Bolt wanted, the audience to be thinking about the theory. In Act two we are told the exact stage settings, "Bars, rack and cage flown swiftly upwards" This happens all in front of the audience so the idea showing the audience that it is not real is done here, they can see the change of scenery so it now is impossible to believe that what they see is real.

The Color Pulpe Essay -- Character Analysis, Celie

The rivalry between the right of men and women has been an hardily fight for decades. In The Color Purple, Alice Walker portrayed a patriarchal society made by and for men. In this system women struggle to obtain a voice. An example is the protagonist, Celie, who from the beginning of her life experience sexual, mental and physical abuse from her step-father and also by her husband. As a result of this unequal system where women are consider nothing without a man, Celie develops a passive character only doing what men order. However, with the unconditional support of the women around her, she finally attain her liberation and independence. As a result, her emancipation generate an opportunity to make her realize her individuality and inner strength. From the beginning of the novel it is show the patriarchal and misogynist society of which Celie is part. This harmful environment affect many aspects of her life. The initial system that is expose is the patriarchalism through her step-father, Alphonso, who is characterize as a mean, opprobrious and malicious old man. He is the first one who sexually abuse Celie. â€Å"Just say You gonna do what your mammy wouldn't. First he put his thing up against my hip and sort of wiggle around. Then he grab hold my titties. Then he push his thing inside my pussy.†(1) Alphonso aggressively took away the virginity as well as her innocence since there weren't any familiar attachments with her. Moreover, aside from being a sexual abuse is also physiological seem he make her believes that is her duty to give him the satisfactions that her mother refuse to. Furthermore, Alphonso also damage Celie emotionally by taking away her children, Adam and Olivia as well as making her feel inferior compare ... ...e as a women duty and not make it for man. â€Å"I use to try to sew along with mama cause that's what she was always doing. But everybody laughed at me. But you know, I liked it.†(279) To become part of the society he abandon something that he like. His perspective of the world change completely as well as he opinion of women. He begins to make t-shirts and with each stich he forget and forgive as well as fixing his mistakes. This way showing the extended metaphor of making t-shirts that represent forgiveness and repentance to go along with pants make out of love. After all, Mr.____ understood that that was a stupid rule and that as Celie he will not care about other people opinions but his. To establish equality is a difficult task in our society but is not impossible. A place where women and men could stand at the same level would make our society healthier.

Agriculture of CA and the Pacific Northwest

Since the dawn of civilization, man has always been searching for techniques to have a system of food channeling. Agriculture provided the requisite respite from hunting and gave mankind the necessary support. The United States of America, had agriculture as an integral part of the system and certain states have more affinity towards farming than others.Agriculture in California and Pacific Northwest has had its share ups and downs and both the regions have seen newer developments in agriculture due to newer laws and advances.â€Å"Agriculture of CA and the Pacific Northwest†One of the most intriguing occupation, that has not only been age old but also the most satisfying, has been ‘agriculture’.   California’s agriculture has a very unique history to it. The amount of changes that have taken place over a course of 200 years is enormous, and the agricultural industry has gone through a good and bad tenure during this phase.The changes have been intricate and precise due to a no. of factors.   The alterations in the industry has taken place in the choice of mix of crops; The kind of technology that has been altered from horse driven ploughs to high tech tractors embedded with powerful global positioning satellite guides.;The directional sources of water has been changed along with changes in ownership arrangement.   The face of the industry has completely been changed due to the growing demands of the urban population.But there are some factors of the Californian agriculture that remain the same. These core values have been with agriculture field from the start and have never been part of any change in the system.On a primary level, majority of the farming done in California has always been market eccentric and had never revolved around sustenance of famer’s family which was the basic concept of farming in the pre years of the country.The Farming community of California has always been adaptive and the entrepreneur mentali ty has always been an integral part of them.   Californian agriculture has always catered to newer markets demands and has always been part of a unique economic agricultural philosophy. Agriculture in CA has provided opportunities of fulfilling local and international market needs.From supplying wheat to Europe to vegetable in Asia, California’s agriculture has been a pioneer for varied markets.   Wine production was also fulfilled by California’s agriculture.Another factor that has been instilled in agriculture in CA is its resource dependency which has been laid out from the olden ages.   The agriculture carried out in California has always been ridden with antagonistic searching of newer lands and water resources.   Lands and water have been exploited before and the case is no different even in the latest times.This factor has been rampant in the agricultural society of California.   An additional factor that has always been with California’s agricu lture is how the absence of water has brought a shape to it. Due to the excess demand of California’s agricultural supplies, it has always been in need of apt water resources.This is exactly why California’s agriculture has always been an active participant of water wars both on an internal and external front.Like each industry, the success of production is dependent on the quality of skills and the quantity of labors that one has for effective working of the operation.   California’s agriculture was no different when it came to labor management and problems that were holed up due to the deficiency of requisite manpower.Due to the varied farming and harvesting techniques in California, the dependency on agricultural labor was a crucial factor in the olden times. Today dependency of agricultural labors is still a crucial part of the Californian agriculture, but with lenient immigration laws, the void has been filled by immigrants from Latin America and Asia.The se immigrant agricultural labors have been actively operating large scale operations on the land and have been instrumental for specialty crop farms. One of the prime decisive factors that have not changed over the course of history is the California’s agriculture’s susceptibility. Farming is one such industry that has always been affected by calamities caused by natural reasons.Agriculture which is wholly dependent on nature’s mercy gets completely dissuaded when natural fury likes floods or droughts occur. Financial crashes also affect agriculture, and California’s agricultural needs have been greatly disturbed by recessions and economic depressions.   It still is at risk when financial market around the world crash, destroying the scope of increasing market needs.California’s agriculture always driven by market needs has always opened up opportunities for functioning of large scale operations. Due to the diversity of operations, agriculture in California has always required specialized management to handle the complexity of such operations and also to monitor the success of these operations.The historic â€Å"Gold rush â€Å", was one of the front running elements that embedded the need for higher technical management in California. With passing of time and advancements in technology, the management that overlooks high end technical operations has been critical for effectuating success.California’s need for higher technologies in agriculture has always been a dominant factor amongst its community. The fact that the entire agriculture has been market oriented, the need to create a niche always existed in the agricultural sector of California.There have always been heavy investments in better technologies and irrigation equipments, large scale operational technologies, pest control are key examples of such technologies.   California agriculture also ventured into food processing and wine making to gratify the ma rket with high end.The capitalist philosophy of California’s agricultural community has been a key element in driving the state towards a technology dependent farming and production.The following will best describe the qualities of a famer, which is best felt by California’s agricultural community:â€Å"The farmer in California, to be successful, must be a skilled agronomist, a careful manager of labor, an astute businessman, a speculator, and certainly an optimist. In recent decades California agriculture has been characterized by a high degree of specialization, seasonality, and reliance (Clarke Chambers. Page 1.1952).

Complexity Theory - Cryptograp essays

Complexity Theory - Cryptograp essays One important, yet practical, application of complexity theory is cryptography. It has become one of the main tools for privacy, trust, electronic payments, and other forms of security. It is no longer just a military tool and the advantages it provides should be used to the fullest extent. This paper will discuss basic terminology and popular methods of cryptography. Cryptography is the science of scrambling text so that no one can read it except for the intended recipient. The art of breaking ciphers without the proper key is called cryptanalysis. Cryptography deals with the secure message, digital signatures, authentication, and other similar applications. Cryptology is the branch of mathematics that studies the foundation of cryptographic methods. The process of transforming plaintext into a form that is meaningless to anyone that might intercept it is called encryption. The process of decoding the message is called decryption. This can be done by using an encryption algorithm, a decryption algorithm, and a secret or private key. The sender uses the encryption algorithm to encode the message, and the receiver uses the decryption algorithm and the key to decode the message. A third party intercepting the encoded message will have worthless data unless they can figure out the decryption algorithm and obtain a key. To best ensure that the key is kept safely out of the hands of the third party it is never to be sent with the encoded message. The study of cryptography dates back thousands of years to the hieroglyphs of early Egyptian civilization. Cryptography has been used by such figures as Julius Caesar, Charlemagne, Louis XIV and Mary Queen of Scots. More recently, Alan Turing, the inventor of the Turing machine, led a group of British mathematicians who broke the German code used in World War II for sending instructions to U-boats patrolling the Atlantic Ocean. One of the simplest cryptographic algorithms ever ...

2 Tricks for Remembering Greater Than and Less Than Signs

2 Tricks for Remembering Greater Than and Less Than Signs SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What do those little sideways carat symbols mean? They're inequalities! Inequalities can be difficult to get a handle on, especially because the greater than and less than signs look so similar. But these symbols are very useful, because they help us show the relationship between numbers or equations in a way that doesn't just say that they're equal. In this article, we’ll be talking about what inequalities are, how they’re represented, and how to remember which sign means what. Not knowing what the signs mean may make your math homework feel something like this. What Are Greater Than and Less Than Signs For? Inequalities are math problems that don’t resolve with a clear â€Å"equals† answer- instead, they compare two things, demonstrating the relationship between them rather than showing that one is equal to another. Hence the name; â€Å"inequality† means that two things are not equal. We’re all familiar with the equal sign, â€Å"=† at this point in math. But â€Å"† and â€Å"† are not as common, let alone â€Å"≠¥Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"≠¤Ã¢â‚¬ . Here’s a chart to cover all the inequality symbols: Symbol Meaning Less than- the number on the left is less than the number on the right; 2 3 Greater than- the number on the left is greater than the number on the right; 3 2 ≠¤ Less than or equal to- the number on the left is less than or equal to the number on the right; 2 or 3 ≠¤ 3 ≠¥ Greater than or equal to- the number on the left is greater than or equal to the number on the right; 2 or 3 ≠¥ 2 ≠  Does not equal- the number on the left does not equal the number on the right; 2 ≠  3 Now we'll finally get to talk about why all these photos are of crocodiles. How to Remember Greater Than and Less Than Signs Though the greater than and less than signs have clear meanings, they can be kind of hard to remember. All of them look similar, with the exception of the â€Å"does not equal† sign. So how can you remember them? Alligator Method One of the best ways to memorize the greater than and less than signs is to imagine them as little alligators (or crocodiles), with the numbers on either side representing a number of fish. The alligator always wants to eat the larger number of fish, so whatever number the mouth is open toward is the larger number. The alligator’s mouth is open toward the 4, so even if we weren’t sure that 4 is a bigger number than 3, the sign would tell us. All inequality signs give us the relationship between the first number and the second, beginning with the first number, so 4 3 translates to â€Å"4 is greater than 3.† This also works the other way around. If you see 5 8, imagine the sign as a little alligator mouth about to chomp down on some fish. The mouth is pointed at the 8, which means that 8 is more than 5. The sign always tells us the relationship between the first number and the second, so 5 8 can be translated to â€Å"5 is less than 8.† When you’re working with inequalities, you can even draw little eyes on the symbols to help you remember which means which. These can be tricky to remember, so don’t be afraid to get a little creative until you really have them memorized! Rotateyour less than sign a little bit and you get an L for "less than!" L Method This method is pretty simple- †less than† starts with a letter L, so the symbol that looks most like an L is the one that means â€Å"less than.† looks more like an L than , so means â€Å"less than.† Because doesn’t look like an L, it can’t be â€Å"less than.† Equal Sign Method Once you’ve mastered the Alligator or L method, the other symbols are easy! â€Å"Greater than or equal to† and â€Å"less than or equal to† are just the applicable symbol with half an equal sign under it. For example, 4 or 3 ≠¥ 1 shows us a greater sign over half an equal sign, meaning that 4 or 3 are greater than or equal to 1. It works the other way, too. 1 ≠¤ 2 or 3 shows us a less than sign over half of an equal sign, so we know it means that 1 is less than or equal to 2 or 3. The â€Å"does not equal† sign is even easier! It’s just an equal sign crossed out. If you see an equal sign crossed out, it means that the equal sign doesn’t apply- thus, 2 ≠  3 means that 2 does not equal 3. Keep these things in mind and you'll look this happy about working with inequalities. Key Tips For Working With Inequalities Inequalities are tricky- we’re used to having a clear and concrete answer for math problems, butinequalities don't always give us that. When you're working with inequalities, keep these things in mind to help ease you through the process. Inequalities are All About Relationships Keep in mind as you’re working on inequalities that they’re typically asking you to solve for a relationship or to identify which symbol is appropriate rather than asking you to solve for a single number. You don’t need to end up with two numbers on either side of an equal sign to be right- the answer just needs to be true. Isolate Your Variables When you’re working with inequalities with variables, it’s important to remember that, in general, you’ll be trying to isolate the variable to one side or the other. Focus on condensing numbers and canceling things out when you can, always with the goal of getting the variable alone on either side of the equation. Negative Numbers Change the Greater Than or Less Than Sign Don’t forget that performing certain actions will flip the sign. When you multiply or divide by a negative number, you need to flip the â€Å"greater than† or â€Å"less than† sign along with it. Don't Multiply or Divide by a Variable- Most of the Time Unless you know for certain that a variable will always be positive or always be negative, don’t multiply or divide an inequality by a variable. What’s Next? Inequalities aren't the only tricky part of math- rational numbers can also be confusing! This guide will help walk you through what a rational number is and what they look like. Ever wondered how many zeroes are in big numbers? How many zeroes are there in a billion? How about a trillion? Need to get some practice in? These 5th-grade math games can help you hone your skills! Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Melissa Brinks About the Author Melissa Brinks graduated from the University of Washington in 2014 with a Bachelor's in English with a creative writing emphasis. She has spent several years tutoring K-12 students in many subjects, including in SAT prep, to help them prepare for their college education. 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Preparing plagiarism-free essay review

Preparing plagiarism-free essay review Essay review It is very interesting to produce an essay review. Besides, this assignment is not complicate at all. Nevertheless, it is still necessary to follow particular rules to write an exclusive paper and format it properly. Down below, you will find useful tips on preparing great reviews. If you follow them, you will know which approach to use to analyze the issue in detail. Writing a review means describing events that take place in a book or movie. It is understandable that you read different books. Some of them are fascinating, others are so boring. Therefore, when preparing a review, you need to express your feelings about the chosen story. If you want to produce a paper of top quality, you should read the selected literary composition attentively. By the way, you should make some notes in order not miss major details. You may also use a good book review to understand how the analysis should be performed. Pay attention to the following directions to write your paper step by step: General Points Before you begin preparing your work, you should bear in mind that it is very important to format it in the right manner. Therefore, you need to write a clear and informative introductory paragraph. After that, you should provide key details about the discussed book. Remember that your review essay should underline relevant facts about the described events. It does not matter whether you agree with the authors style of presenting information or not. Your task is to provide readers with useful material on the examined story. Making a Summary Note that it is a fundamental section of your movie review essay or another type of paper. It is essential to describe the events happening in a film or book precisely. Writers use different methods for preparing summaries. Thus, you should adopt the one that seems effective to you. When the movie is watched, you need to make its brief summary. It is necessary to admit that it is not difficult. However, you should write it in good language and use expressions and word combinations in their proper meaning. Your task is to make a comprehensive summary, so that readers can understand everything well. Presenting Your Viewpoint It is of great importance to express your opinion about the analyzed matter clearly. If you want to see how to do it in a proper manner, draw your attention to a good review essay example. Note that your thoughts should be expressed logically. You need to explain properly whether a particular book is worth reading or not. As a result, users will decide whether to read a book or not. Below, there are useful tips on how to write a review essay and share your opinion about the analyzed work:Present undeniable facts to prove your opinion Read the book carefully to write a detailed reviewThe clear guidelines given above will help you produce an essay review of superior quality. Before submitting the paper, make sure it is original. Free Essay Review

THIS IS NOT AN ESSAY Write a RESEARCH DESIGN for a study on a topic of

THIS IS NOT AN Write a RESEARCH DESIGN for a study on a topic of Why some of the civil war (conflicts) last for a very long time (on the example of Gaza Strip, Afghanistan and Iraq ) - Essay Example The resources will be distributed fairly and not directed to fighting their adversaries. The people in of Afghanistan have for nearly three decades experienced nothing but war and this has also led to the dilapidation of infrastructures in the place. The ending of this conflict between them and Pakistan will help in improving the economy as the resources will be assigned to other important sectors in the country rather than the world. The end of these conflicts will also reduce humanitarian crisis that faces the people in these regions and this will improve the health standards of people around (Conference paper 2005). According to the existing literature, if states are caught up in a trap of endless low-intensity warfare, it is due to poverty, ancient ethnic trends or greed from the neighbors for the precious resources in the country. In Never-ending Wars, Hironaka (2008) sets the record straight by pointing at the responsibility of the international community. Using statistical evidence, Ann looks at the causes of long durations of war by examining how the natural environment contributes to transform local grievances into long-term civil wars. There is continued unaccountability of the continuing civil wars and this helps to fuel the existing wars in the present country. Lack of organization in the said country, lack of resources, poor bureaucratic mechanism and the inability of the countries to enforce law and order are among the issues that are continuously eliciting more and more crisis as there are no mechanisms to help them control their borders. State weakness has also been seen to contrib ute to the long-term civil wars as they are often underdeveloped in terms of economic and political institutions. Their weakness dwarfs their ability to counter the attacks and hence makes them vulnerable to the states with superior military weapons. As Al-Jazeera (2007) puts it, the

TEXTBOOK CJ2012 FAGIN-Which philosophy of punishment do you believe in Essay

TEXTBOOK CJ2012 FAGIN-Which philosophy of punishment do you believe in and why - Essay Example 285). The theory of incapacitation, on the other hand, is founded on the philosophy that criminal circumstances must be negated so that the crime will not occur again while deterrence theory contends that the punishment awarded to an offender should be â€Å"sufficient to prevent future instances† of such crimes (285). Rehabilitation theory attempts to provide the offender a positive environment and creating awareness whereas restoration theory focuses on a restoring process by bringing the stakeholders together, with the offender taking responsibility for the offence and providing restitution to the victim. I believe restoration is the best approach because while refuting the effectiveness of other theories, it strives to bring positive outcomes for both the victim as well as the perpetrator. Punishments should rather address the crime than the criminal, especially in the context that an offender commits a crime not merely based on the faculty of free will. Several factors, such as biological, psychological and social influences contribute to criminal behavior in people. Therefore, punishments need to be focused on these causative elements rather than on the person who commits a crime. The approaches of vengeance and deterrence are found on the concept of punishing the perpetrator and not on eliminating the tendency to commit crimes. Thus, these may not yield any positive outcomes either for the person who commits the crime or the one who falls prey to it. Similarly, the philosophy of incapacitation also will not preempt a criminal from committing a crime, when the opportunity ripens. The concept of rehabilitation, focuses on providing positive environment for the criminal, and can be understood as a better approach than the other three. However, it does not guarantee a transformation of the offenders because they may embark on criminal behavior when the environment changes. Besides, it does not take into account the victim in any manner. On the other

Rational thinking in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rational thinking in Business - Essay Example No business can exist long in the market using irrational methods or thoughts. This paper explains the importance of rational thinking in business. â€Å"A thought, belief or attitude is rational to the extent that it satisfies five criteria: It is consistent with the facts or the objective reality; It helps preserve ones life and health; It helps one achieve ones short and long-term goals; It helps one avoid unwanted conflict; It helps one feel the way one wants to feel† (Alexander) In business objectives are important. Every action in a business setup is done for obtaining certain business objectives. These objectives are achievable only if the actions were supported with facts and logics. For example it is not possible for a construction business group to invest heavily at present because of the economic recession going on. The fact that people are reluctant nowadays in spending more on real estate sector is the rational or fact behind such thoughts. On the other hand the same business group can think about heavy investment once they see evidences of improvement in economic situations for achieving their long term goa ls. â€Å"Healthy rational thinking requires; an adequate attention span, patience and the ability to focus, to observe, interpret, perceive and consequently develop logic† (Yahya). In business, the ability to observe and focus is important in perceiving and interpreting the problems correctly. The correct interpretation of the problem is important in finding out correct solutions. For example, a business executive who wrongly interpret the market, based on rumours and opinions of others may fail to take sound and healthy decisions in favour of the organization. Rational thinking is the most common problem solving methods in business. For example in a business organization, the manager has to judge the performances of the workers based on their capacities or abilities. A rationally thinking manager will take actions against an

Biography reseach project on Important Native American Political Research Paper

Biography reseach project on Important Native American Political Leader-Wilma Mankiller - Research Paper Example Regardless of the numerous accolades and aspects that define and characterize Wilma Mankiller, this piece discusses her role in influencing the American society. According to Hollingsworth, Wilma Mankiller is an indigenous American who was influential in Oklahoma, which was equally her birthplace. Furthermore, people recognize and remember her as the foremost female â€Å"Chief of the Cherokee Nation†3. Mankiller’s background is equally clear as presented by her parentage since her father was a Native American. Indeed, her surname, â€Å"Mankiller†, is interesting and controversial when taken literally; however, it meant a rank within the military that was admirable and respected. Mankiller initially schooled at Skyline College where she participated in activities at the Indian Center for a significant portion of her livelihood. Furthermore, she is equally a renowned rights activist as apparent in her political activities during the last century that centered on justice and progress. Additionally, Wilma Mankiller embraced the teaching career after relinquishing her position as the chief principal at Cherokee nation. Sadl y, on April 2010, Mankiller passed away with the most noticeable condolence emanating from President Obama. It is worthwhile to acknowledge that â€Å"Ms Magazine awards† was a coveted honor that she received in 1987. Indeed, such an award typifies her role in the society and encourages persons to embrace her ideologies. An additional prestigious award is the presidential medal award that typifies her work that centers on improving societal progress. Her biography is a significant published work since it sold numerous copies. Wilma Mankiller’s passion and interest in defending the local Americans and other minorities made her join divergent activists’ movements. During her activism, she participated in the

An Anthropological Perspective ofa Buddhist Ceremony Essay

An Anthropological Perspective ofa Buddhist Ceremony - Essay Example Buddhism has been in existence for many years now and approximately 2500 years ago, Siddhartha Gautama, referred to as Buddha, was on his own awakened (enlightened) at the age of 35 (Bechert, & Richard Gombrich 1984). Buddhism goes further than religion or ritual and is significantly related to a philosophy or a way of life. The reason why Buddhism is seen as a philosophy is due to the fact that philosophy stands for love of wisdom and the Buddhist course can be summarized as a religion that fosters moral lifestyle, is mindful and aware of thoughts and actions and helps in developing wisdom and understanding (Bechert, et al.,1984). Buddhism illustrates a value of life, goals and objectives as it explains evident unfairness and inequality in all parts of the world and it offers a code of customs, way of life or actions that bring about proper happiness (Ajahn 2010). In the present day, Buddhism is becoming accepted for a wide range of reasons. This is due to the fact that Buddhism is said to provide solutions to a number of problems in the contemporary material world. Buddhism also encompass the people who are concerned with profound understanding of the cognitive world the human beings and the natural therapies that that expert psychologists in all spheres of the world are finding out to be equally very sophisticated and helpful (Davidson 2003). Siddhartha Gautama was born in a noble family in Lumbini, found in Nepal in 563 BC. At the age of 29 Gautama discovered that riches and lavishness did not ascertain happiness, therefore he discovered the diverse teachings of religions and philosophy with the intention of finding the explanation to human happiness (Donath 1971). 6 years after study and meditation, he in the end established â€Å"the middle path’ and was enlightened. Subsequent to becoming enlightened, Buddha used most of his time imparting knowledge, values and principles of Buddhism referred to Dhamma, or truth, until his passing away at the age of 80 (Dzongsar 2011). Gautama was never a God and he never claimed to be one. He was a man who focused in teaching a course to enlightenment from his own experiences. Buddhists at times pay tribute to images of the Buddha, however not in worship not to solicit favors (Gethin 1998). A statue Buddha with hands rested lightly in his lap and a gentle smile is reminiscent of the need to working hard to create peace and love in ourselves. Bending over ritual to the statue in the Buddhism ceremony is a gesture of appreciation for the teachings. Above all, one major lesson in the ceremony of Buddha is the riches do not guarantee happiness and as well riches are not permanent. Today, it is evident that many people from different parts of the world suffer however those who fully understand the teaching of Buddha can find true happiness (Goldstein 2002). There are varying kinds of Buddhism for the reason that the focus alternates from nation to nation on account of traditions and way of life . In actual fact, the real meaning of the teaching does not vary at all despite in the Dhamma or the truth (Goldstein, et al., 2002). Buddhism is as well a belief system that tolerates other beliefs, myths, taboos or religions. Buddhism is in agreement with the moral values of other religions. However, Buddhism goes ahead to provide a long lasting objective in our existence based on wisdom and true understanding (Bechert, et al., 1984). Actual Buddhism is significantly forbearing and not worried with labels like Christian, Muslim or Hindu. This is in fact the main reason why there have never been any conflicts based on the name of Buddhism. This is because Buddhists do not preach and attempt to convert, only illustrate in case a

Biography reseach project on Important Native American Political Research Paper

Biography reseach project on Important Native American Political Leader-Wilma Mankiller - Research Paper Example Regardless of the numerous accolades and aspects that define and characterize Wilma Mankiller, this piece discusses her role in influencing the American society. According to Hollingsworth, Wilma Mankiller is an indigenous American who was influential in Oklahoma, which was equally her birthplace. Furthermore, people recognize and remember her as the foremost female â€Å"Chief of the Cherokee Nation†3. Mankiller’s background is equally clear as presented by her parentage since her father was a Native American. Indeed, her surname, â€Å"Mankiller†, is interesting and controversial when taken literally; however, it meant a rank within the military that was admirable and respected. Mankiller initially schooled at Skyline College where she participated in activities at the Indian Center for a significant portion of her livelihood. Furthermore, she is equally a renowned rights activist as apparent in her political activities during the last century that centered on justice and progress. Additionally, Wilma Mankiller embraced the teaching career after relinquishing her position as the chief principal at Cherokee nation. Sadl y, on April 2010, Mankiller passed away with the most noticeable condolence emanating from President Obama. It is worthwhile to acknowledge that â€Å"Ms Magazine awards† was a coveted honor that she received in 1987. Indeed, such an award typifies her role in the society and encourages persons to embrace her ideologies. An additional prestigious award is the presidential medal award that typifies her work that centers on improving societal progress. Her biography is a significant published work since it sold numerous copies. Wilma Mankiller’s passion and interest in defending the local Americans and other minorities made her join divergent activists’ movements. During her activism, she participated in the

Sam 488 unit 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sam 488 unit 6 - Assignment Example There are several individuals who have key roles in emergency operation plan and they include the public relations officers as whose work is to handle the flow of information about the incident as well as the chief security officer in charge of warning systems and maintaining order in the operation. Communications to the responders and media is necessary to not only avoid speculations and distortions but to provide warning systems to the public. There are several individuals who have key roles in emergency operation plan and they include the public relations officers as whose work is to handle the flow of information about the incident as well as the chief security officer in charge of warning systems and maintaining order in the operation (Fay, 2011). Evacuation is the process of moving people from one location to another in the evidence of a disaster before or after searching the place. This is common during emergencies involving bombs. People are given the evacuation notice and then assembled on one location in order to be evacuated in a given order to safety. This procedure is carried out by various emergency responders trained to handle the matter (Fay, 2011). This is the mock evaluation carried out during emergency response training. The drills include steps and procedures to take during three stages of evacuation which are pre-evacuation, evacuation and post-evacuation. The drill involves emergency operation plans such as searching the premises, the houses of people, sending evacuation notices, identification of safe locations and later on after the threat has passed relocation of people. This step in the emergency operation takes place after an incident such as a bomb or earthquake has taken place. The search is for the survivors or even those who have suffered demise under the disaster. Rescue takes place in the order of those who can be rescued easily to harder and more challenging cases. This procedure has time

Importance of Peer Review Essay Example for Free

Importance of Peer Review Essay A student in a graduate program must conduct research during the course of study. The purpose of this assignment is to discuss how one can determine which references are credible and which are not. Importance of Peer Review As a scholar-practitioner it is of utmost importance to know that information is obtained from a source which is peer reviewed. When a journal or article has been designated as peer reviewed this means that the information has been submitted to several of the authors peers for content review. The reviewers must agree that the information has been gathered through the use of proper research methods, and that it is accurate and original. Knowing that Articles Retrieved are from Peer-Reviewed Journals The articles I downloaded for this week’s application are peer reviewed. The Walden University library has a search feature which allows one to find only peer reviewed articles quickly and easily. This is the procedure I followed when obtaining my articles. If an article is obtained from a source other than the Walden library, verification of peer review can be done through Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory. Importance of Peer Reviewed Articles My area of interest is nursing education. It is important that the information I share with students has been peer reviewed. I want to make sure it is accurate and credible. Summary In summary, it is essential for students in a graduate program to always make sure resources utilized for research are peer reviewed. The information obtained for assignments must be reliable and accurate. References Cornell University. (April 5, 2011). Cornell University Library. Retrieved from http://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/skill20.html Walden University. (2011). Walden University Library. Retrieved from http://library.waldenu.edu/689.htm

Criminal Investigation Is The Process Of Discovering Criminology Essay

Criminal Investigation Is The Process Of Discovering Criminology Essay A Criminal Investigation is the process of discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying and presenting evidence to determine what happened and who is responsible. It is a reconstructive process that uses deductive reasoning, a logical process in which a conclusion follows from specific facts. From specific pieces of evidence, investigators establish proof that a suspect is guilty of an offence. (Hess Orthmann, 2010) In this assignment Im going to provide a clear understanding of an appropriate investigative approach toward theft form residence. Theft form residence in other countries is also known as a Burglary. This kind of crime is considered to be one of the most important crimes worldwide, since it is also one of the most common forms of criminal behaviour. The definition of burglary is defined by each states criminal code and it various from one code to another, although some commonalities exists and are generally reflected in the elements of the crime. Burglary is committed when a person, knowingly breaks, or remains, in a building or structure belonging to anther for the purpose of committing a crime therein. Burglary is referred as a crime against the dwelling that is violated and there is no need of direct violence towards any occupants. The public regards theft as a major crime problem since for many persons it is a traumatic event when they realize that someone unknown to them has invaded their privacy of their homes and personal belongings and stolen their possessions. Burglars are most often to choose suitable targets like elderly persons, women who live alone. Perpetrators often ransack rooms to look for valuables and make it difficult for victims to establish what is missing. Their targets are cash, televisions, computers, radios, jewellery, guns, tools and several household goods that either they use for their personal needs or to sell them. Theft from residence occurs mostly when most persons are away from their residence. Very often burglars main victims are those people that uses the same routine day to day and so that certain time is more susceptible to burglary due to the routine absence of residents like going work, shopping, mass etc. Burglars are either to be amateurs or long time professionals. The amateurs are usually to be unskilled and they learn by trial and error. They easily make mistakes and eventually are caught by the police, although once convicted they gain experience and learn from the trade ones. More experiences burglars are more trained, they may have more lookouts who are in communication through mobile or even radios and often a getaway vehicle is used and usually close to the burglary site. Most burglars motives are drug related and monetary. Approaching on the scene of crime Investigation initiates from that moment that the police receives the phone call. Reports can be received by the victim itself, neighbour or anyone else that may have noticed or suspected any different movements or noises. One should be very cautiously due to the fact that the crime could have occurred any time and perpetrators could still be inside premises or nearby. Investigators should be on the alert for any persons fleeing the area, suspicious or well known persons that are known by the police and suspicious vehicles. The first officer to respond a burglary call is usually the patrol division officer. Officers should first determine whether a crime is currently in progress. When a crime is still being carried out, officer must call for more help in order to prevent the escape of the suspect/s. On the way to the scene of crime officer should approach the burglary location without warning emergency lights or siren. After arriving one can observe certain reliable indicators that a burglary has been or still being for example open doors, windows. The first attendant officer should immediate preserve the crime scene, in order to maximise forensic opportunities due to the fact that there is few amount of time before the evidence will be contaminated. The crime scene should be secured and the victims are to be escorted to an area not part of the investigation and it is to be made sure that victims dont touch anything. The Preliminary Investigation Preliminary investigation is of utmost importance, although some investigators tend to simply skip the necessary steps of a preliminary investigation due to the fact that theft from residence are seen as being high-time investment for low results awards. The preliminary investigation should start by obtaining information about the type of structure which has been burglarized. It has to be established the time, date, the whereabouts of the owner, points and methods of entry and exit, however it is important to determinate who the occupant of the residence burglared is and where they were at the time of the offence, the time they left the residence, if all doors and windows were properly locked and if any visitors have been recently been there. Burglar can gain access by forced open a door or a window by means of tools, by break out or cut a small pain of glass in order to unlock a door from the inside. It is important to discover what type of tool was used and how the perpetrator had gained entrance. When no signs of forced entry are found it may indicate that burglar entered through an open or unlocked door or might possess the key of the residence. The next step for an investigator to carry out the preliminary investigation is to search, collect and preserve evidence. Great care must be taken when searching for evidence. The point of entry is usually the area which has the most evidence. When walking around the scene one must use extreme caution. Search must start from near where the perpetrator entered. One must locate where items were disturbed or removed. After the search, it has to be determinate the type and amount of loss with complete description. An important step in the preliminary investigation is the Modus Ope randi. The identifications of a unique modus operandi are essential in investigating burglary due to the fact that most burglars commit a series of burglars using the same patterns. One should look for the time of day, location, type of methods used to gain entrance, type of vandalism, things stolen for example cash only or jewellery and any particularities of the offence. Such patterns can tie and lead several burglaries to one suspect. Preliminary investigations also include interview the victim, and any witness available, enquiring with neighbourhood for witnesses and the identifications of CCTV cameras. A sketch of the scene of crime and a list of property stolen could also help toward the investigation. Witnesses Some might think that when it comes to deal with the crime of burglaries, there are few witnesses but in actually there might be more than one believes. Police tend to miss and to try to locate witnesses. Witnesses are very important in the process of solving crimes and they have very often been the key persons in such situations. Eyewitness are those who can provide a detailed account of the circumstances which otherwise would be lost and weaken the evidence. One also has to bear in mind that there may be instances where their evidence could also be unreliable. Although the testimony given by eyewitnesses has often been criticised it has always been given weight by Judges and Juries in a court of law. When a burglar is committed, police should investigate immediate the area and look out for a potential witness that can identified or can develop a description of a suspect. Physical Evidence Domestic burglary scenes are visited by SOCO in order to maximise forensic opportunities. When searching for physical evidence at a burglary scene it will also require the help of the victim who can easily identify what has been moved and what items does not belong to the owner. Forensic recovery includes the photographing of the crime scene and the discovery of physical evidence that may include fingerprints, footprints inside and outside the house for example below windows, fibers, hair, tire prints, tool marks, tools, and broken glass and paint chips and even personal items such as discarded cigarette butts. Often times burglars tend to drink and eat whatever is at hand in the kitchen of the burgled home and therefore they also leave traces of DNA on a bottle or cup. As stated by Mairs (1930), fingerprints are considered to be accurate and valuable marks in the process of identifying a human body due to the fact that the patterns and characteristics of the fingerprint are unique. They are the most common form of evidence that can be found in a scene of crime. Trace evidence can establish a link between the perpetrator and the scene of crime. The Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) is a great advance in scientific criminal investigation and it is possible to search criminal record for a single latent print. A latent fingerprint is the type of fingerprint that most of the time is found in burglary, which gives a positive clue to the offenders identification and conviction (Horhan, 1991). The classification of fingerprints is important because these are filed and can be retrieved by the investigators when there is need to make identifications (Cunliffe et al. 1980). A case where it is clearly shown the importance of fingerprint was held in America State v Connors. The experts produced photographs at court showing fingerprints of a perpetrator upon a balcony of a residence that has been burgled and in addition the experts testified that same fingerprints found at the crime scene matched those of the perpetrator. The accused has been found guilty of committing the burglar (Horgan, 1991). Fingerprints are not always enough to support evidence in certain criminal cases. A marked example of this is the case of Il-Pulizija (Spettur Keith Arnaud) vs Victor Degabriele. Mr Degabriele was accused of theft from residence of Mr Nazzareno Mercieca from Xghajra. Although a fingerprint elevated from a box that had contained a watch which has been one of the stolen items had matched with the left hand thumb of the accused, the court decided that due to the principle of in dubbio pro reo the court is of the opinion that the legal prosecution had not met the required evidence requested by law. It was decided that Victor Degabriele was not guilty of charges issued. Shoes and shoe marks are also common physical evidence that can be found in a scene of crime. If collected, properly analyzed and recorded can yield to important investigative data. Shoe footprint can provide unique wear patterns that can be compared with a suspects shoes. Shoe print can indicate whether the suspect was running, walking or even if it was carrying something heavy, if it was familiar with the area or unsure of the terrain. The pattern, size, personal characteristics and coincidental characteristics can make a shoe mark unique. LeMay (2006, p.42) stated that dust impression can be made when a person with dust on their shoes walks on a surface, thereby transferring the dust from their shoes to the surface they step on. Shoe marks are to be photographed and latent fingerprint lifters are used to lift shoe impressions from smooth surface. In a Maltese case, Il-pulizija (Insp. James Grech Insp Fabian Fleri) vs Silvio (Saviour) Pace, in which case, Silvio has been found guilty of burglarise two different residences in different time and dates. Investigators sustained their case with the help of shoe marks which were found in both burglarise homes and after a search in his residence the shoe was found and it resulted that such shoe marks belongs to the accused. In fact Silvio Pace had admitted the charges and he was send to prison for 32 months. Another possible evidence that can be found in burglarise offence are tyre marks which can be located around the burglary scene. Tyre marks can show the approximate speed, direction and even the manufacturer and year the tyres were made. Tools and Tools marks: The most common means used to gain entrance in a residence is the use of tools. Common tools that are used in a burglary are screwdrivers, glass cutter, vice grips, pry bars, picks and augers. Tools and Tools marks are important items of evidence. Most burgles use the same tool over and over again to gain entry in residence and this will lead to leave behind characteristics striation marks that can connect one burglar to another. Locards principle of exchange every contact leaves a trace came in force when tools are used to force open a door or a window by means of tools. When a burglary occurs and in the process the burglar smashes a window pane, unknowing, this has attracted physical evidence upon oneself. Traces or fragments of chipped glass or paint stick to clothing and shoe soles. These constitute importance physical evidence. When forensic experts collect this evidence on the crime scene and this is confronted to traces found on the suspect it would therefore be confirmed that the suspect had been on the crime scene. In certain residences one can found safes to protect their valuables. Burglars can either carried away or demolished safes. Safes have safe insulation which can also leave traces and fragments on clothing, shoes and even on tools the offender used. These fragments are very often even deposited in the vehicles that have been used for the crime. These can also be detected and matched. Another evidence that is becoming important in burglaries is the DNA. When a burglar gets cut while breaking into a structure, trace of blood can be elevated and therefore can be analyzed for DNA. A burglary investigation involves several stages like investigating the scene of the crime, collecting and preserving and available physical evidence, interviewing potential witnesses, using informants, examining records, tracing property and identifying suspects. A successful case will depend frequently on the investigators ability to handle clearly unrelated pieces of information in an analytical way. As stated by Clarke (1992) and Forrester et al. (1988) in order to deter the burglar, there should be more effective policing and enhanced situational prevention.

Physics of Skydiving :: physics skydiving

The Forces at Work Gravity ... God OBVIOUSLY intended for us to skydive. After all He DID create gravity! So exactly what forces are acting on the skydiver? Well, of course there's the obvious one, the force of gravity of the Earth. This force is exerted on everything on the Earth and is exerted on the skydiver even though there is no direct contact between the skydiver and the Earth. This type of force, when two objects exert forces on one another even though they are not touching, is known as a noncontact force. According to Newton's second law, the acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object; or Fnet =ma The gravitational force that the Earth exerts on the skydiver is equal to the weight of the object on Earth. The acceleration of the gravitational force is the acceleration due to gravity (g), which is the acceleration of an object under the sole influence of gravity. Thus, the weight of an object is a product of its mass and acceleration due to gravity or W=mg The acceleration due to gravity (g) near the Earth's surface is a constant that was determined to be 9.80 m/s. So, the weight of an object depends on how much mass an object has. The mass of an object is a quantitative measure of inertia, where inertia is the natural tendency of an object to stay at rest or in motion at a constant speed along a straight line. Air Resistance Another force acting on the parachutist is air resistance. Air resistance is the colliding of an object with molecules of air. The falling skydiver collides with air molecules during the downward fall. These air molecules create a force pushing upward which is opposite to the skydiver's direction, as well as the force of gravity. Air Resistance is more complicated force than the force of gravity because it is a nonconservative force. A nonconservative force is one in which the work it does on an object moving in between two points depends on the path of the motion between the two points. The amount of air resistance encountered by the skydiver depends mainly on two factors: 1: The speed of the skydiver. 2: The cross-sectional area of the skydiver. An increase in the speed and/or the amount of cross-sectional area leads to an increase in the amount of air resistance encountered.

Somali Pirates and the Response of The United States Essay -- Piracy

To begin, pirates have been prowling the seas as far back as ancient times, such as the â€Å"Phoenicians and Greeks in the Mediterranean.† As well Muslim piracy as Jihad has existed since the 17th Century along the Barbary Coast of North Africa.2 These pirates were known as Barbary corsairs, and they would attack ships from Christian countries, seizing their ships and, and selling the sailors into slavery. Today, Somali pirates are seizing ships and taking hostages for ransom along the waters off the coast of Somali and the Gulf of Aden. The root of the Somali pirates was established then put into motion after the Somali Civil War and the fall of the Barre regime in 1991, the last functioning government.4 Along with the government, also went the countries one time functional coastguard, and thus the Somali waters became the site of a global "free for all," foreign fishing fleets illegally looted Somali fishing stocks and would keep the rudimentarily-equipped Somali fishermen from fishing their own waters, in addition Somali fishermen has accused Europeans of dumping toxic and nuclear waste off Somalia's shore. For these reasons the first pirate gangs materialize in the early 90’s to defend against foreign trawlers.4 Since 2005 these pirate gangs have grown and have been seizing ships holding them and their crews hostage for ransoms that range in the millions of dollars. The pirate assemblage is said to be made up of three different groups of people first, ex-fishermen who are the brains of the group, they kno w the sea, and how to operate the boats.5 Second, the ex-militiamen the muscle of the group, they have fought for the different clan warlords, and know how to use their weapons.5 Finally, the technical expert the computer g... ...PARTMENT OF THE NAVY - NAVAL HISTORY & HERITAGE COMMAND. September 28, 2009. http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/piracy_hornafrica.htm (accessed April 19, 2012). Samatar, Abdi Ismail. "Will the London conference change Somalia's future?" Al Jazeera. Febuary 07, 2012. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/02/20122395853170145.html (accessed April 19, 2012). Tharoor, Ishaan. "How Somalia's Fishermen Became Pirates." TIME WORLD. April 18, 2009. http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1892376,00.html (accessed April 19, 2012). "U.S. Jury Convicts 5 Somali Men in Pirate Attack on Navy Ship." FOX News Network. November 24, 2010. FOX News Network (accessed April 19, 2012). Zijlma, Anouk. "Somali Pirates A Guide to Somalia's Modern Day Pirates." About.com Africa Travel. http://goafrica.about.com/od/africanews/a/pirates.htm (accessed April 19, 2012).

Wavelets are mathematical functions

AbstractionRipples are mathematical maps that cut up informations into different frequence constituents, and so analyze each constituent with a declaration matched to its graduated table. They have advantages over traditional Fourier methods in analysing physical state of affairss where the signal contains discontinuities and crisp spikes. Ripples were developed independently in the Fieldss of mathematics, quantum natural philosophies, electrical technology, and seismal geology. Interchanges between these Fieldss during the last 10 old ages have led to many new ripple applications such as image compaction, turbulency, human vision, radio detection and ranging, and temblor anticipation. This paper introduces ripples to the interested proficient individual outside of the digital signal processing field. I describe the history of ripples get downing with Fourier, compare ripple transforms with Fourier transforms, province belongingss and other particular facets of ripples, and Coating with some interesting applications such as image compaction, musical tones, and de-noising noisy informations.1. IntroductionA ripple is a wave-like oscillation with amplitude that starts out at zero, additions, and so decreases back to nothing. It can typically be visualized as a â€Å" brief oscillation † like one might see recorded Seismograph Or bosom proctor. Generally, ripples are purposefully crafted to hold specific belongingss that make them utile for signal processing. Ripples can be combined, utilizing a â€Å" displacement, multiply and amount † technique called whirl, with parts of an unknown signal to pull out information from the unknown signal. Wavelets provide an alternate attack to traditional signal processing techniques such as Fourier analysis for interrupting a signal up into its component parts. The drive drift behind ripple analysis is their belongings of being localised in clip ( infinite ) every bit good as graduated table ( frequence ) . This provides a time-scale map of a signal, enabling the extraction of characteristics that vary in clip. This makes wavelets an ideal tool for analyzing signals of a transient or non-stationary nature.2. HistoryThe development of ripples can be linked to several separate trains of idea, get downing with Haar ‘s work in the early twentieth century. Note worthy parts to wavelet theory can be attributed to Zweig ‘s find of the uninterrupted ripple transform in 1975 ( originally called the cochlear transform and discovered while analyzing the reaction of the ear to sound ) , Pierre Goupillaud, Grossmann and Morlet ‘s preparation of what is now known as the CWT ( 1982 ) , Jan-Olov Str & A ; ouml ; mberg ‘s early work on distinct ripples ( 1983 ) , Daubechies ‘ extraneous ripples with compact support ( 1988 ) , Mallat ‘s multiresolution model ( 1989 ) , Nathalie Delprat ‘s time-frequency reading of the CWT ( 1991 ) , Newland ‘s Harmonic ripple transform ( 1993 ) and many others since.First ripple ( Haar ripple ) by Alfred Haar ( 1909 )Since the 1970s: George Zweig, Jean Morlet, Alex GrossmannSince the 1980s: Yves Meyer, St & A ; eacute ; phane Mallat, Ingrid Daubechies, Ronald Coifman, Victor Wickerhauser3. WAVELET THEORYWavelet theory is applicable to several topics. All ripple transforms may b e considered signifiers of time-frequency representation for continuous-time ( parallel ) signals and so are related to harmonic analysis. Almost all practically utile distinct ripple transforms use discrete-time filter Bankss. These filter Bankss are called the ripple and scaling coefficients in ripples nomenclature. These filter Bankss may incorporate either finite impulse response ( FIR ) or infinite impulse response ( IIR ) filters. The ripples organizing a uninterrupted ripple transform ( CWT ) are capable to the uncertainness rule of Fourier analysis respective trying theory: Given a signal with some event in it, one can non delegate at the same time an exact clip and frequence response graduated table to that event. The merchandise of the uncertainnesss of clip and frequence response graduated table has a lower edge. Therefore, in the scale gm of a uninterrupted ripple transform of this signal, such an event marks an full part in the time-scale plane, alternatively of merely one point. Besides, distinct ripple bases may be considered in the context of other signifiers of the uncertainness rule. Wavelet transforms are loosely divided into three categories: uninterrupted, distinct and multiresolution-based. Above shown diagram shows all CWT ( Continuous Wavelet ) , DWT ( Discrete Wavelet ) . These all varies with the clip and degree and all graphs obtained are above shown.4. WAVELET TRANSFORMSThere are a big figure of ripple transforms each suited for different applications. For a full list see list of wavelet-related transforms but the common 1s are listed below:Continuous ripple transform ( CWT )Discrete ripple transform ( DWT )Fast ripple transform ( FWT )Raising strategyWavelet package decomposition ( WPD )Stationary ripple transform ( SWT )5. WAVELET PACKETSThe ripple transform is really a subset of a far more various transform, the ripple package transform. Wavelet packages are peculiar additive combinations of ripples. They form bases which retain many of the perpendicularity, smoothness, and localisation belongingss of their parent ripples. The coefficients in the additive combinations are computed by a recursive algorithm doing each freshly computed ripple package coefficient s equence the root of its ain analysis tree.6. WAVELETS IN MATLABWavelet Toolbox package extends the MATLAB proficient calculating environment with graphical tools and command-line maps for developing wavelet-based algorithms for the analysis, synthesis, denoising, and compaction of signals and images. Wavelet analysis provides more precise information about signal informations than other signal analysis techniques, such as Fourier. The Wavelet Toolbox supports the synergistic geographic expedition of ripple belongingss and applications. It is utile for address and sound processing, image and picture processing, biomedical imagination, and 1-D and 2-D applications in communications and geophysical sciences.7. WAVELETS VS FOURIER TRANSFORMEach and every thing in this universe comparable to it has some similarities and unsimilarities with that same is the instance with the ripples and Fourier transform. Ripples can be compared with the Fourier transform on the footing of their similarit ies and unsimilarities which are explained as follows. Assorted sorts of similarities and unsimilarities of ripples and Fourier transform are as follows.7.1 SIMILARITIES BETWEEN FOURIER AND WAVELET TRANSFORMSThe fast Fourier transform ( FFT ) and the distinct ripple transform ( DWT ) are both additive operations that generate a information construction that containssegments of assorted lengths, normally make fulling and transforming it into a different informations vector of length. The mathematical belongingss of the matrices involved in the transforms are similar as good. The reverse transform matrix for both the FFT and the DWT is the transpose of the original. As a consequence, both transforms can be viewed as a rotary motion in map infinite to a different sphere. For the FFT, this new sphere contains footing maps that are sines and cosines. For the ripple transform, this new sphere contains more complicated footing maps called ripples, female parent ripples, or analysing ripple s. Both transforms have another similarity. The basic maps are localized in frequence, doing mathematical tools such as power spectra ( how much power is contained in a frequence interval ) and scale gms ( to be defined subsequently ) utile at picking out frequences and ciphering power distributions.7.2 DISSIMILARITIES BETWEEN FOURIER AND WAVELET TRANSFORMSThe most interesting unsimilarity between these two sorts of transforms is that single ripple maps arelocalized in space.Fourier sine and cosine maps are non. This localisation characteristic, along with ripples ‘ localisation of frequence, makes many maps and operators utilizing ripples â€Å" thin † when transformed into the ripple sphere. This spareness, in bend, consequences in a figure of utile applications such as informations compaction, observing characteristics in images, and taking noise from clip series. One manner to see the time-frequency declaration differences between the Fourier transform and the rippl e transform is to look at the footing map coverage of the time-frequency plane. The square moving ridge window truncates the sine or cosine map to suit a window of a peculiar breadth. Because a individual window is used for all frequences in the WFT, the declaration of the analysis is the same at all locations in the time-frequency plane.8. WAVELET APPLICATIONSThere are assorted sorts of applications in the field of ripples which are as follows can be explained as followsComputer and Human VisionFBI Fingerprint CompressionDenoising Noisy DataMusical Tones8.1 COMPUTER AND HUMAN VISIONIn the early 1980s, David Marr began work at MIT ‘s Artificial Intelligence Laboratory on unreal vision for automatons. He is an expert on the human ocular system and his end was to larn why the first efforts to build a automaton capable of understanding its milieus were unsuccessful. Marr believed that it was of import to set up scientific foundations for vision, and that while making so ; one mus t restrict the range of probe by excepting everything that depends on preparation, civilization, and so on, and concentrate on the mechanical or nonvoluntary facets of vision. This low-level vision is the portion that enables us to animate the 3-dimensional organisation of the physical universe around us from the excitements that stimulate the retina. He so developed working algorithmic solutions to reply each of these inquiries. Marr ‘s theory was that image processing in the human ocular system has a complicated hierarchal construction that involves several beds of processing. At each treating degree, the retinal system provides a ocular representation that scales increasingly in a geometrical mode. His statements hinged on the sensing of strength alterations. He theorized that strength alterations occur at different graduated tables in an image, so that their optimum sensing requires the usage of operators of different sizes. He besides theorized that sudden strength altera tions produce a extremum or trough in the first derived function of the image. These two hypotheses require that a vision filter have two features: it should be a differential operator, and it should be capable of being tuned to move at any coveted graduated table. Marr ‘s operator was a ripple that today is referred to as a â€Å" Marr ripple. †8.2 FBI FINGERPRINT COMPRESSIONBetween 1924 and today, the US Federal Bureau of Investigation has collected about 30 million sets of fingerprints. The archive consists chiefly of inked feelings on paper cards. Facsimile scans of the feelings are distributed among jurisprudence enforcement bureaus, but the digitisation quality is frequently low. Because a figure of legal powers are experimenting with digital storage of the prints, mutual exclusivenesss between informations formats have late become a job. This job led to a demand in the condemnable justness community for a digitisation and a compaction criterion. In 1993, the FBI ‘s Criminal Justice Information Services Division developed criterions for fingerprint digitisation and compaction in cooperation with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, commercial sellers, and condemnable justness communities. Let ‘s set the informations storage job in position. Fingerprint images are digitized at a declaration of 500 pels per inch with 256 degrees of gray-scale information per pel. A individual fingerprint is about 700,000 pels and demands about 0.6 Mbytes to hive away. A brace of custodies, so, requires about 6 Mbytes of storage. So digitising the FBI ‘s current archive would ensue in approximately 200 TBs of informations. ( Notice that at today ‘s monetary values of about $ 900 per Gbyte for hard-disk storage, the cost of hive awaying these uncompressed images would be about 200 million dollars. ) Obviously, informations compaction is of import to convey these Numberss down.8.3 DENOISING NO ISY DATAIn diverse Fieldss from planetal scientific discipline to molecular spectrometry, scientists are faced with the job of retrieving a true signal from uncomplete, indirect or noisy informations. Can wavelets assist work out this job? The reply is surely â€Å" yes, † through a technique called ripple shrinking and thresholding methods that David Donoho has worked on for several old ages. The technique works in the undermentioned manner. When you decompose a information set utilizing ripples, you use filters that act as averaging filters and others that produce inside informations. Some of the ensuing ripple coefficients correspond to inside informations in the information set. If the inside informations are little, they might be omitted without well impacting the chief characteristics of the information set. The thought of thresholding, so, is to put to zero all coefficients that are less than a peculiar threshold. These coefficients are used in an reverse ripple transm utation to retrace the information set. Figure 6 is a brace of â€Å" before † and â€Å" after † illustrations of a atomic magnetic resonance ( NMR ) signal. The signal is transformed, threshold and inverse-transformed. The technique is a important measure frontward in managing noisy informations because the denoising is carried out without smoothing out the crisp constructions. The consequence is cleaned-up signal that still shows of import inside informations. Fig.8.3.1 displays an image created by Donoho of Ingrid Daubechies ( an active research worker in ripple analysis and the discoverer of smooth orthonormal ripples of compact support ) , and so several close-up images of her oculus: an original, an image with noise added, and eventually denoised image. To denoise the image, Donoho:transformed the image to the ripple sphere utilizing Coiflets with three disappearing minutes,applied a threshold at two standard divergences, andInverse-transformed the image to the signal sphere.8.4 MUSICAL TONESVictor Wickerhauser has suggested that ripple packages could be utile in sound synthesis. His thought is that a individual ripple package generator could replace a big figure of oscillators. Through experimentation, a instrumentalist could find combinations of moving ridge packages that produce particularly interesting sounds. Wickerhauser feels that sound synthesis is a natural usage of ripples. Say one wishes to come close the sound of a musical instrument. A sample of the notes produced by the instrument could be decomposed into its ripple package coefficients. Reproducing the note would so necessitate recharging those coefficients into a ripple package generator and playing back the consequence. Transient features such as onslaught and decay- approximately, the strength fluctuations of how the sound starts and ends- could be controlled individually ( for illustration, with envelope generators ) , or by utilizing longer wave packages and encoding those belongingss every bit good into each note. Any of these procedures could be controlled in existent clip, for illustration, by a keyboard. Notice that the musical instrument could merely every bit good be a human voice, and the notes words or phonemes. A wavelet-packet-based music synthesist could hive away many complex sounds expeditiously becauseripple package coefficients, like ripple coefficients, are largely really little for digital samples of smooth signals ; andDiscarding coefficients below a predetermined cutoff introduces merely little mistakes when we are compacting the information for smooth signals.Similarly, a wave packet-based address synthesist could be used to retrace extremely tight address signals. Figure 8.4.1 illustrates a ripple musical tone or toneburst.9. ADVANTAGES OF WAVELET TRANSFORMATIONAdvantages of ripple transmutation are as follows which are discussed below.Space and Time Efficiency ( Low Complexity of DWT ) .Generality & A ; Adaptability ( Different Basis and Wavelet Functions ) .Multiresolution Properties ( Hierarchical Representation & A ; Manipulation ) .Adaptability of the Transformation ( Different Basis Functions let different Properties of the Transformation )Transformation is Hierarchical ( Multiresolution – Properties )Transformation is Loss-FreeEfficiency of the Transformation ( Linear Time and Space Complexity for Orthogonal Wavelets )Generalization of the Transformation ( Generalization of other Transformations )CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPEMost of basic ripple theory has been done. The mathematics has been worked out in tormenting item and ripple theory is now in the polish phase. The refinement phase involves generalisations and extensions of ripples, such as widening ripple package techniques. The hereafter of ripples lies in the as-yet chartless district ofapplications.Wavelet techniques have non been exhaustively worked out in applications such as practical information analysis, where for illustration discretely sampled time-series informations might necessitate to be analyzed. Such applications offer exciting avenues for geographic expedition. Basically after working on this term paper we came to cognize about the construct of the ripples its relation wi th the Fourier transform its advantages in shacking universe.Mentionswww.yahoo.com ( a truly friendly usher to ripples ) .www.google.com ( ripples ppt. ) .www.wikipedia.com ( ripples ) .www.google.com ( Seminar Report on ripples by ROBI POLIKAR )www.google.com ( applications of ripples ) .